Incomplete modernization and political pacts in Brazil

1993. Given social heterogeneity and 'contradictory citizenship', there is not a basic social contract in Brazil, nor an informal growth oriented political pact (that may act as a substitute for a social contract). Available in French and Portuguese. (English version published only in this site).

The failure to stabilise

1993. Brazil's failure to achieve price stabilization is essentially a consequence of the incompetence of authorities (and IMF) in acknowledging the inertial character of inflation and the lack of political support for fiscal adjustment. (Lecture in London)

Uma interpretação da América Latina: a crise do Estado

1993. Since 1980 Latin American faced a debt crisis and a crisis of the state, which was also a crisis of the developmentalist interpretation. Now, two competing interpretations are present: the neoliberal Washington Consensus and the fiscal crisis of the state approach. English and French versions available. This is a preliminary version of my chapter in Economic Reforms in New Democracies, 1993. The "fiscal crisis approach" anticipates the 2003 "new developmentalism". (Paper: Novos Estudos CEBRAP )*

The crisis of the state approach to Latin America

1993. After the dependency interpretation of Latin America, now two competing interpretations are present: the neoliberal Washington Consensus and what I propose: the fiscal crisis of the state approach. Portuguese and French versions available. This paper is a preliminary version of my chapter in Economic Reforms in New Democracies (1993). The "fiscal crisis approach" anticipates the 2003 "new developmentalism". (Paper: Instituto Norte-Sul Discussion Paper)

Economic reforms in new democracies: a social-democratic approach

1993. With José María Maravall and Adam Przeworski. The neoliberal economic reforms enacted by Latin Americas and Eastern Europes new democracies have proven inefficient and at times even ineffective. This derives both from a lack of political support and from the dogmatic orthodoxy adopted. This paper corresponds to the Introduction to the book Economic Reforms in New Democracies, 1993. Portuguese version available. (Paper in book by Bresser-Pereira, Maravall Przeworski).

Estabilização em um ambiente adverso: a experiência brasileira de 1987

1993. The Plano Bresser was a 1987 atempt to stabilize prices in Brazil in an adverse environment. English version available. (Paper: Revista de Economia Política).

Stabilization in an adverse environment: The 1987 Brazilian experience

1993. The Bresser Plan - an atempt to stabilize prices in Brazil in an adverse environment. Portuguese version available. (Paper in book edited by John Williamson)

Os ciclos do Estado e a crise Brasileira

1992. My theory of the cyclical character of state intervention applied to Brazil. (Chapter 6 of the book of essays A Crise do Estado)

Washington Consensus or fiscal crisis of the state approach?

1992. A slightly modified version of the Magna Class at the XVIII ANPEC’S Congress (National Association of Graduate Courses in Economics), Brasília, December 4, 1990.

From Mercosur to the American integration

1992. With Vera Thorstensen. Brazil is going through an important moment in its international relations and foreign trade policies. Portuguese version available. (Paper: published in ECLAC/IDB edited book)

Do Mercosul à integração americana

1992. Com Vera Thorstensen. Brazil is going through an important moment in its international relations and foreign trade policies. English version available. (Paper: Política Externa)

O décimo-primeiro plano de estabilização

1992. The 1991 IMF sponsored stabilisation plan (the 11th plan since 1979) with Marcilio Marques Moreira as finance minister will fail because it ignores the inertial character of inflation in Brazil. The size of the fiscal and foreign debt and the lack of support of society for a severe adjustment are additional causes. (Paper in book edite by Reis Velloso)

A crítica da direita e da esquerda a um estado em crise

1992. The state is being criticized, on the right, by neoliberals, and on the left, by "logic of capital" Marxists. There is a cyclical aspect in it.(Paper: Lua Nova)

Privatization through institutionalization, when it is necessary to create the market and the State

1992. Institutional rather than private ownership is the solution for large monopolist enterprises in command economies in transition to capitalism. (Note: Discussion Paper)

Economic populism versus Keynes: reinterpreting budget Deficit in Latin America

1991. With Fernando Dall'Acqua. Contrarily to what economic populists say, Keynes only admited budget deficits in special situations, as a temporary depart from fiscal balance.
Portuguese version
available.(Paper: Journal of Post Keynesian Economics)

Populismo econômico versus Keynes: a reinterpretação do déficit público na América Latina

1991. With Fernando Dall'Acqua. Contrarily to what economic populists say, Keynes only admited budget deficits in special situations, as a temporary depart from fiscal balance. English version available.(Paper: edit book)

A crise da América Latina: Consenso de Washington ou crise fiscal?

1991. An early critique of the Washington consensus. A systematic analysis of the Latin American crisis as a foreign debt and a fiscal crisis of the state crisis. English, French, and Spanish versions available. Pesquisa e Planejamento Econômico 21(1), abril 1991: 3-23.

La crisis de América Latina. ¿Consenso de Washington o crisis fiscal?

1991. An early critique of the Washington consensus. A systematic analysis of the Latin American crisis as a foreign debt and a fiscal crisis of the state crisis. Portuguese, English, and French versions available. (Paper: Pensamiento Iberamericano)

La crise de la Amérique Latine: Consensus de Washington ou crise budgétaire?

1991. An early critique of the Washington consensus. A systematic analysis of the Latin American crisis as a foreign debt and a fiscal crisis of the state crisis. Portuguese, English and Spanish versions available. (Paper: Problèmes dAmerique Latine).