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Brasil, racismo, nacional-dependência e quase-estagnação

  • autor: Luiz Carlos Bresser-Pereira

2025.  The article offers a broad view of Brazil today, a historically situated reality that can only be understood from a historical-structural analysis. Brazil is a mestizo country in which the white or whitened minority is racist.

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A quase-estagnação do Brasil e o novo desenvolvimentismo

  • autor: Luiz Carlos Bresser-Pereira

2022. This paper explains the two long-term causes of 40 years of quasi-stagnation of the Brazilian economy: the liberalization trap, which eliminated the neutralization of the Dutch disease and made the exchange rate overvalued and the fall in public investments. (Brazilian Journal of Political Economy)

The Political Construction of Brazil

2017. An encompassing analysis of Brazil's society, economy, and politics since the Independence. A national-dependent interpretation. In the bookstores and in kindle

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As interpretações da dependência (vídeo, 70min.)

2020. A critique of "associated dependency theory" which had a strong influence on Brazilian intellectuals and led them ignore the importance of a national project. (Lecture at FAU/USP - Video, 70 minutos)

A Construção Política e Econômica do Brasil

2021. An encompassing analysis of Brazil's society, economy, and politics since the Independence. A national-dependent interpretation. (Book: Editora 34, updated 4th edition, 2021). Nas livrarias e Em kindle.

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State-society cycles and political pacts in a national-dependent society: Brazil

2015. Brazil is a national-dependent society. The three cycles of its independent history were, successively, "State and Territorial Integration", "Nation and Development" and "Democracy and Social Justice". Portuguese version available. (Paper, Latin America Research Review)

Desenvolvimento e Crise no Brasil (5a. edição)

2003. The patterns of economic development and the political pacts in Brazil from Vargas (1930) to Lula (2003). 5th revised edition almost doubling the size of the book. (Book: Editora 34). Nas livrarias.

Desenvolvimento e Crise no Brasil 1930-1967 (1a. edição, 1968)

1968. Economic, social and political development between 1930 and 1960s'. New historical facts turn inviable Vargas' national-developmentalist political pact. Sold out. (Book: This first edition is available in PDF format)

Vícios e virtudes

2015. A summary of A Construção Política do Brazil. The three state-society cycles in the history of Brazil since Independence. The recent class coalitions or political pacts. (Article: O Estado de S.Paulo, Aliás )

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Os ricos nunca gostaram e temem a democracia

2015.. Bresser-Pereira speaks about his life, PSDB, PT, and Brazil, which lost the idea of nation. (interview to Leandro Fontoura, Zero Hora)

Brasil, sociedade nacional-dependente

2012. An overview o Brazil since the independence. An interpretation of Brazil considering the political pacts or class coalitions and the growth strategies. (Paper: Novos Estudos, Cebrap)

Os três ciclos da sociedade e do Estado

2012. Brazil is a national-dependent society. The three cycles of its independent history were, successively, "State and Integration", "Nation and Development" and "Democracy and Social Justice". (Paper: Perspectivas) English version available.

O empresário e o intelectual

2012. The Brazilian entrepreneur rejects the dependency claim that a national bourgeoisie cannot exist in Brazil, while for the dependency's intellectuals, only them think properly; the elites as well as the people think poorly. (Article: only in this website).

Desenvolvimento e subdesenvolvimento no Brasil

2011. A summary of Brazil's development. Why it became backward. How it eventually made its national and capitalist revolution and turned a middle income country. (Article in book edited by André Botelho and Lilia Moritz Schwarcz).

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From the national-bourgeoisie to the dependency interpretation of Latin America

  • autor: Luiz Carlos Bresser-Pereira

2009. Over-exploitation, as well as associated dependency interpretations, denied the possibility of national bourgeoisies in the region and contributed to weakening Latin American nations. Only a third version of dependency - the national-dependent interpretation - escaped this fate. Published in English in Latin American Perspectives 178, vol. 38 (3), May 2011. Portuguese and French versions available. (Paper: Latin American Perspectives).

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As três interpretações da dependência

2010. Over-exploitation as well as associated dependency interpretations denied the possibity of national bourgeoisies in the region and contributed to weakening Latin American nations. Only a third version of dependency - the national-dependent interpretation - escaped this fate. English and French versions available. (Paper: Perspectivas).

Amérique Latine: de la interprétation nationaliste à la interprétation par la dépendance

2009. Over-exploitation as well as associated dependency interpretations denied the possibity of national bourgeoisies in the region and contributed to weakening Latin American nations. Only a third version of dependency - the national-dependent interpretation - escaped this fate. English and Portuguese versions available. (Paper: Revue Tiers Monde).

Depois do consenso neoliberal, o retorno dos empresários industriais?

2008. With Eli Diniz. Brazilian industrial entrepreneurs associated with the state bureaucracy were dominant from 1930 to late 1980s. Now, they may be returning to power. At least they are better prepared for that. (Paper to be published)

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Burocracia pública e classes dirigentes no Brasil

2007. The Brazilian state bureaucracy was part of the ruling class in association with the industrial bourgeoisie between the 1930s and the 1980s. English version available. (Paper: Revista de Sociologia e Política (Univ.Paraná).

Chained cycles of society and the state in Brazil

2007. Brazilian society underwent two cycles in the twentieth century, followed, with a gap, by the respective political coalition. Between the beginning of the century and 1964, the first society cycle, "Nação e Desenvolvimento", corresponded at state level by the National-Developmentalist political pact (1930-1984). The second , "Democracia e Justiça Social", begins in the late 1960s and gets exhausted in middle 2000s. It correspond to two political coalitions: first, between 1977 and 1987, the 1977 Popular-Democratic Pact, that achieves democratic transition and political power in 1985 but collapses two years later it follows a political vacuum and, from 1991 to the present, we have the Liberal-Dependent Pact precariously combined with the democratic and social ideas - and no real economic development. (Section of the book Macroeconomia da Estagnação)