WORKS IN ENGLISH

1992. Stabilization and other market-oriented economic reforms face a double challenge in new democracies: they have to be economically effective and politically feasible. Since 1980 Latin America faced a debt crisis and a crisis of the state. Now, two competing interpretations are present the neo-liberal Washington Consensus and the fiscal crisis of the state approach. The later anticipates the 2003 "new developmentalism". (Paper: Chapter 1 of Economic Reforms in New Democracies).

1993. Given social heterogeneity and 'contradictory citizenship', there is not a basic social contract in Brazil, nor an informal growth oriented political pact (that may act as a substitute for a social contract). Available in French and Portuguese. (English version published only in this site).

1993. Brazil's failure to achieve price stabilization is essentially a consequence of the incompetence of authorities (and IMF) in acknowledging the inertial character of inflation and the lack of political support for fiscal adjustment. (Lecture in London)

1993. After the dependency interpretation of Latin America, now two competing interpretations are present: the neoliberal Washington Consensus and what I propose: the fiscal crisis of the state approach. Portuguese and French versions available. This paper is a preliminary version of my chapter in Economic Reforms in New Democracies (1993). The "fiscal crisis approach" anticipates the 2003 "new developmentalism". (Paper: Instituto Norte-Sul Discussion Paper)

1993. With José María Maravall and Adam Przeworski. The neoliberal economic reforms enacted by Latin Americas and Eastern Europes new democracies have proven inefficient and at times even ineffective. This derives both from a lack of political support and from the dogmatic orthodoxy adopted. This paper corresponds to the Introduction to the book Economic Reforms in New Democracies, 1993. Portuguese version available. (Paper in book by Bresser-Pereira, Maravall Przeworski).

1993. With Adam Przeworski and José María Maravall. A social democratic approach and also a crisis of the state approach to economic reforms in new democracies. Portuguese and Spanish versions available. (Book: Cambridge University Press). Available in bookstores

1993. The Bresser Plan - an atempt to stabilize prices in Brazil in an adverse environment. Portuguese version available. (Paper in book edited by John Williamson)

1992. With Vera Thorstensen. Brazil is going through an important moment in its international relations and foreign trade policies. Portuguese version available. (Paper: published in ECLAC/IDB edited book)

1992. When the costs involved in a given economic policy become excessive, the decision not to adopt the policy is rational rather than political. Reforms that are inefficient are irrational. (Note: Harvard International Review)

1992. Liberalization of the economy and the consolidation of democracy are only possible where the state and the civil society are strong. (Note: Discussion Paper)

1991. With Fernando Dall'Acqua. Contrarily to what economic populists say, Keynes only admited budget deficits in special situations, as a temporary depart from fiscal balance.
Portuguese version available.(Paper: Journal of Post Keynesian Economics)

1991. An early critique of the Washington consensus. A systematic analysis of the Latin American crisis as a foreign debt crisis and a fiscal crisis of the state. Portuguese, French, and Spanish versions available. (English version not published: just available in this site).

1991. Economic populism, left's protectionism, and the right's monetarist orthodoxy are together major obstacles to consistent and rational economic policies and reforms. Portuguese version with the title "Ideologias econômicas e democracia no Brasil" available. (Paper: Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs)

1991. Based on research conducted in 1970 and repeated in 1990, this paper shows that, in 'abnormal times', when the interest rate is abnormally high, business enterprises' decisions on investment take into consideration the interest rate more attentively than they do in normal times. (Paper presented to LASA meeting)

1990. The debt crisis is without solution, and may require unilateral measures on the part of Latin American countries. The idea of free trading area in the Americas is welcomed.(Note in book edited by Baer & Petri)

1990. The rise of technobureaucracy or the professional middle class: in capitalism, sharing power with the bourgeoisie in the Soviet Union and other comand economies, as the ruling class. It is revised translation of A Sociedade Estatal e a Tecnoburocracia (1981) with the adition of the paper "Social Classes and Strata in Contemporary Capitalism) Em formato pdf e e-book.

1990. There is a perverse logic in the Brazilian macroeconomic system involving foreign debt, fiscal deficit and inertial inflation. Portuguese version available.(Paper: Journal of Post Keynesian Economics).

1990.The neoliberal wave can be understood in the framework of my theory of the cyclical character of state intervention. (Paper: Revista de La CEPAL)

1990. With Yoshiaki Nakano. This paper predicts the failure of the Collor Plan for failing to neutralize inertia, in a moment conventional orthodoxy was sure that it would be successful. Portuguese and French versions available. (Paper in book edited by Davidson and Kregel).

1990. A undeclared moratoria as we have today is not a solution for the debt crisis. Unilateral decisions should complement the Brady Plan so as to achieve a reasonable discount on the debt.(Paper in edited book)